机械CE认证标准

EN ISO 13857:2019 Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

机械安全-防止上肢和下肢触及危险区的安全距离

1 Scope范围

该文件确定了工业和非工业环境中的安全距离值，以防止到达机械危险区。安全距离适用于防护结构。它还提供了关于阻碍下肢自由进入的距离的信息

这份文件涵盖了14岁及以上的人群(14岁人群的第五百分位身高约为1400毫米)。此外，仅对于上肢，它为3岁以上的儿童(3岁儿童的第五百分位身高约900毫米)提供了需要解决的通过开口的信息。

距离适用于仅靠距离就能充分降低风险的情况。由于安全距离取决于大小，即使满足了本文件的要求，一些极端尺寸的人仍然能够到达危险区。

安全距离是为了在规定的条件下保护那些试图到达危险区域的人

2 Normative references引用标准

ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction机械安全-设计的一般原则-风险评估和风险降低

3 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs防止上肢进入的安全距离

Table 4 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 14 years of age and above

Dimensions in millimetres14岁及以上人员经常开放的危险区sr的安全距离

Part of body	Illustration	Opening 开口	Safety distance to hazard zone, sr安全距离
Part of body	Illustration	Opening 开口	Slot槽	Square方形	Round圆形
Fingertip指尖		e ≤ 4	≥2	≥2	≥2
Fingertip指尖		4 < e ≤ 6	≥10	≥5	≥5
Finger up to knuckle joint 手指到关节		6 < e ≤ 8	≥20	≥15	≥5
Finger up to knuckle joint 手指到关节		8 < e ≤ 10	≥80	≥25	≥20
Hand手		10 < e ≤ 12	≥100	≥80	≥80
		12 < e ≤ 20	≥120	≥120	≥120
		20 < e ≤ 30	≥850a	≥120	≥120
Arm up to junction with shoulder 手臂向上与肩膀接合		30 < e ≤ 40	≥850	≥200	≥120
Arm up to junction with shoulder 手臂向上与肩膀接合		40 < e ≤ 120	≥850	≥850	≥850
NOTE The bold lines within the table delineate that part of the body restricted by the opening size. 表格内粗体的线条勾勒出受开口大小限制的主体部分。 a If the length of the slot opening is ≤65 mm, the thumb will act as a stop and the safety distance may be reduced to ≥200 mm. 当开槽长度≤65mm时，拇指作止动，安全距离可减小到≥200mm。

4 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs防止下肢进入的安全距离

Table 7 — Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs表7 -下肢通过规则形状的开口进行伸展

Dimensions in millimetres

Part of lower limb 下肢部分	Illustration图解	Opening开口	Safety distance to hazard zone, sr到危险区的安全距离
Part of lower limb 下肢部分	Illustration图解	Opening开口	Slot	Square or round
Toe tip脚趾头		e ≤ 5	0	0
Toe tip脚趾头		5 < e ≤ 15	≥10	0
Toe足尖		15 < e ≤ 35	≥80^a	≥25
Foot脚		35 < e ≤ 60	≥180	≥80
Foot脚		60 < e ≤ 80	≥650b	≥180
Leg (toe tip to knee) 腿(脚趾头到膝盖)		80 < e ≤ 95	≥1 100c	≥650b
Leg (toe tip to crotch) 腿(趾尖到胯部)		95 < e ≤ 180	≥1 100c	≥1 100c
Leg (toe tip to crotch) 腿(趾尖到胯部)		180 < e ≤ 240	Not admissible	≥1 100c
a If the length of the slot opening is ≤75 mm, the distance may be reduced to ≥50 mm. 当槽位开口长度≤75mm时，可减小到≥50mm。 b The value corresponds to leg (toe tip to knee). 该值对应于腿(脚趾头到膝盖)。 c The value corresponds to leg (toe tip to crotch). 这个值对应于腿(脚趾头到胯部)。 NOTE Slot openings with e > 180 mm and square or round openings with e > 240 mm will allow access for the whole body说明e> 180毫米的槽开口和e> 240毫米的方形或圆形开口将允许整个身体进入